To begin:

CIC (Citizenship and Immigration Canada) is a federal body that funds some language programs.
CLB (Canadian Language Benchmark) levels range from 0 (Literacy) to 10 (Advanced) and are one measure of adult learners’ second language proficiency.
ELLs (English Language Learners) are recognized as such in the Ontario Ministry of Education curriculum for Grades 9-12.
ELP (English Language Proficiency)
IEP (Individualized Education Program) is the cornerstone of a quality education for each elementary or high school student with a learning difference. To create an effective IEP, parents, teachers, other school staff, and often the student, must come together to look closely at the student’s unique needs.
MCI (Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration) is a provincial body that funds some language programs.
OSSLT (Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test) is a provincial test of the literacy (reading and writing) skills students have acquired by Grade 10. It is based on the literacy expectations defined by The Ontario Curriculum across all subject areas to the end of Grade 9.
PLAR (Prior Learning Assessment and Recognition) is a process that helps adult learners to identify, articulate and demonstrate relevant learning acquired through life and work experiences and translate this learning into an academic credit.
TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) refers to teaching English in a country where English is not one of the main languages.
TESL (Teaching English as a Second Language) refers to teaching English in a country where English is one of the main languages.
TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) is a term developed in the United States. It makes no distinction between foreign and second language learners and is therefore a general term for teaching those whose mother tongue is not English.

ELT (English Language Training) can take many forms:

EAL (English as an Additional Language) is another term for ESL, and is used in a number of Canadian provinces.
EAP (English for Academic Purposes), which is taught at high schools, colleges and universities, prepares students for post-secondary studies.
EFL (English as a Foreign Language) is taught in countries where English is not spoken.
ELD (English Literacy Development) is an Ontario high school credit course.
ESL (English as a Second Language) courses are given in a country where English is one of the main languages spoken. Students have the advantage of being immersed in an English environment. ESL credit courses are offered to newcomers, international and Canadian-born students in Ontario high schools. ESL programs for adults are offered by Continuing Education departments of school boards, which are funded by MCI, as well as community colleges and universities.
LINC (Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada) programs are CIC funded and are free for adult permanent residents and convention refugees.
OSLT (Occupation-Specific Language Training), funded by CIC, is offered free at many community colleges across Ontario to newcomers who are permanent residents or protected persons and have training or experience in a specific occupation or sector, but need to improve their occupation-specific communication skills. Par-ticipants must also have language proficiency at CLB levels 6-8. The curriculum is developed by professionals and approved by the federal government.
SLT (Specialized Language Training), funded by MCI, includes language training in specific employment fields in Canada. Language proficiency requirements range from CLB 3 to 8. The curriculum is developed by teaching staff at the school board level.

Assessment in ELT can, likewise, take many forms:

CAEL (Canadian Academic English Language) Assessment is a standardized test of English for academic purposes designed to describe the ability of test takers planning to study in English colleges and universities.
CanTEST is a standardized English proficiency test used to determine if an individual is able to meet admission requirements of Canadian post-secondary institutions, or fluency requirements of professional licensing associations. (Equivalent testing services are offered in French.)
CELPIP (Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program) is a computer-delivered assessment tool that provides proof of English language proficiency for immigration to Canada, Canadian citizenship, employment, admission to various post-secondary programs, or for membership to various professional associations.
CLBA (Canadian Language Benchmark Assessment) is given at CLARS (Coordinated Language Assessment and Referral Service) Centres. CLBA is a task-based assessment used to determine eligibility for adult LINC or ESL programs.
IELTS (International English Language Testing System) is a widely accepted English language proficiency test for higher education and global migration.
PBLA (Portfolio Based Language Assessment) is being implemented in LINC programs across Canada.
TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) evaluates the potential success of an individual to use and understand standard American English at a college level. It is required for non-native applicants at many Canadian and U.S. English-speaking colleges and universities.
TOEFL Junior tests are a measure of English-language proficiency for students age 11 to 15.
TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication) measures workplace English-language communication skills and is used by many businesses, organizations and government agencies worldwide.

For a more in-depth explanation of CAEL, IELTS and TOEFL, go to
http://www.teslottawa.ca
and click on the archived information at the bottom of the home page.

Teacher Assessment and Training:

CELTA (Certificate in English Language Teaching to Adults) is a training program administered worldwide by the University of Cambridge. CELTA is an internationally recognized certificate in teacher training.
PTCT (Post TESL Certificate Training) is specialized training that enables instructors to further their knowledge and skills in high priority content areas such as materials development, technology in the classroom, language for the workplace, and higher level language training. PTCT is for all instructors who teach English as a second language to adults.